Factors Influencing Mass Unit Weight of Soil for Highway Embankment Construction

What factors influence the mass unit weight of soil used for highway embankment construction?

1) Mineral content
2) Organic matter
3) Water content
4) Air content

Answer:

The factors that influence the mass unit weight of soil used for highway embankment construction include mineral content, organic matter, water content, and air content.

When constructing a highway embankment, the mass unit weight of the soil plays a crucial role in determining the stability and durability of the structure. Various factors contribute to this mass unit weight, including the mineral content of the soil. Minerals make up a significant portion of the soil volume, typically around 40 to 45%, and their density directly impacts the overall weight of the soil.

Organic matter, although comprising a smaller percentage of the soil volume (around 5%), also contributes to the mass unit weight. The presence of organic matter affects the soil's compactness and stability, influencing its overall density.

Furthermore, the water content of the soil is a key factor in determining its mass unit weight. Water occupies a substantial portion of the soil volume, around 25 to 30%, and affects the soil's ability to bear load and resist deformation. The water content directly impacts the density of the soil and, consequently, the mass unit weight.

Lastly, the air content in the soil also contributes to its mass unit weight. While air may seem negligible, its presence affects the overall density of the soil and influences its stability. Proper compaction and removal of excess air are essential in achieving the desired mass unit weight for highway embankment construction.

By understanding and considering these factors, engineers and construction professionals can accurately determine the mass unit weight of the soil used for highway embankment construction, ensuring a safe and durable infrastructure.