The Role of Ribosomes in Translation Process
Briefly describe the role of ribosomes in the process of translation as it relates to these concepts.
During initiation a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, small and large ribosomal subunits, factors, GTP, Mg²⁺.
During elongation a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, large and small ribosomal subunits, factors, GTP, Mg²⁺, peptidyl transferase.
During termination a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, large and small ribosomal subunits, GTP-dependent release factors, GTP, Mg²⁺, charged tRNA.
Ribosomes are essential in the translation process, where genetic information in mRNA is converted into proteins. Let's complete the sentences with the relevant terms:
During initiation, a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, small and large ribosomal subunits, factors, GTP, Mg²⁺. In initiation, ribosomes assemble at the start codon of the mRNA.
During elongation, a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, large and small ribosomal subunits, charged tRNA, GTP, and peptidyl transferase. Elongation involves the sequential addition of amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
During termination, a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, large and small ribosomal subunits, GTP-dependent release factors, GTP, Mg²⁺, and charged tRNA. Termination marks the end of protein synthesis, releasing the newly formed protein.
Charged tRNA molecules play a crucial role in elongation by delivering the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome. Ribosomes facilitate the stepwise reading of mRNA and the formation of peptide bonds, coordinating the complex process of translation.
What are the components present in a functional ribosome during the initiation phase of translation? During the initiation phase of translation, a functional ribosome will contain the following components: mRNA, small and large ribosomal subunits, factors, GTP, Mg²⁺.