The Role of Central Vacuole in Plant Cell

Which structure can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell?

A. Central vacuole

B. Nucleus

C. Endoplasmic reticulum

D. Mitochondria

E. Chloroplast

Final answer:

The central vacuole can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell.

Explanation:

The structure that can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell is the central vacuole. The central vacuole is a large, fluid-filled organelle found in plant cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining cell shape and turgor pressure, storing various substances such as water, ions, sugars, and pigments, and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Unlike animal cells, which have multiple small vacuoles, plant cells typically have a single, large central vacuole that can occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume.

The central vacuole in a plant cell is indeed a fascinating structure with significant importance. Not only does it occupy a large volume within the cell, but it also serves multiple essential functions.

Role of Central Vacuole:

The central vacuole helps in maintaining the shape of the plant cell by providing turgor pressure. This pressure is crucial for keeping the cell rigid and upright, especially in plant tissues. Additionally, the central vacuole acts as a storage organelle for various substances. It can store water, essential ions like potassium and chloride, sugars for energy, pigments for coloration, and even toxic substances to protect the plant.

Furthermore, the central vacuole plays a vital role in regulating cell growth and metabolism. It can control the osmotic balance within the cell, influencing processes like nutrient uptake and waste elimination. The vacuole also participates in enzymatic reactions and helps store enzymes and other proteins needed for cellular functions.